Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and postconflict peacebuilding in africa. The note presents research findings on fundamental issues effects of ddr, the interaction between ddr programmes and postwar politics, organisational issues sequencing, pro. Rethinking disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. The process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of former combatants plays a. A practical overview peace operations training institute x.
For decades, national and international actors have used programs for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of combatants as standardized key elements of peace operations, with the aim of controlling violence and avoiding the resurgence of armed conflict. Disarmament entails the physical removal of the means of combat from exbelligerents weapons, ammunition, etc. The national committee for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ncddr was created in september 1998 with the daunting task of restoring peace in sierra leone, a country just emerging. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration united. Demilitarizing official and unofficial armed groups by controlling and reducing the possession and use of arms, disbanding nonstate armed groups, and reducing the size of state security services, and. The coevolution of concepts, practices, and understanding. Continued existence of an estimated 53,000 militia constrains state building and sets the requirement for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs. The disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of former fighters is a wellestablished feature of the peace and security architecture.
Spear 2002 emphasizes the importance of dissolving armed factions. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, and gender. Upon the official transfer of power, all mujahidin. Without demobilization, civil wars cannot be brought to an end and. Evaluations of ddr programming identify reintegration as the most challenging aspect of the process.
The process of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of former combatants features in most of africas postconflict reconstruction programs. Programs for the disarmament, demobilization,and reintegration ddr of excombatants have become more common as an element in the peacebuilders toolkit. Multicountry demobilization and reintegration program. Oct 14, 2015 peace operations can include peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Genderaware disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Nov 21, 2017 the interagency working group iawg on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of excombatants held a workshop in stockholm, from 17 to 19 october 2017 on the revision of the integrated ddr standards iddrs.
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr programs. Pdf disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and post. A minimum of seven years of progressively responsible experience in international affairs such as peacekeeping, peacebuilding or development programmes operations in the field with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration, small arms control, conflictpostconflict crisis management, economic recovery or related area is. Assisting former combatants to reintegrate into civilian life. The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr process for excombatants has become a mainstream procedure in postconflict stabilisation programmes proposed by governments and. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr in africa. Claims that ddr in sierra leone was a peopledriven programme is invalid. Operational guide to the integrated disarmament, demobilization. Reintegration initiatives are longterm processes which must take place on three levels. However, ddr is much more complicated in a postconflict environment, when different fighting groups are divided by. Reinsertion refers to the shortterm arrival period of an excombatant into hisher former home or a new community. An overview article pdf available in african security 11. Indeed, secondgeneration ddr advocates have emphasized the importance of reinsertion and reintegration, as opposed to disarmament or demobilization, as a constructive point of departure.
The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing. Gender and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration slide 3. Failure to complete demobilization and reintegration, and failure to make reintegration sustainable, can jeopardize peace as excombatants may resort to violence as a familiar way of making a living. The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in afghanistan conference item paper original citation.
Despite the logistical challenges of disarmament and demobilization, reintegrationthe acquisition of civilian status and sustainable employment and incomeis considered the most difficult phase of any ddr process. Ioms notable contributions to disarmament, demobilization and. Disarmament demobilisation and reintegration reliefweb. Originally presented at state reconstruction and international engagement in afghanistan, 30 may 1 june 2003, london school of economics and political science and university of bonn. Launched in october 2016, the iddrs provide guidance for ddr activities in the field. Peace operations can include peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration standards. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr. By massimo fusato july 2003 disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of excombatants is a first step in the transition from war to peace. It is expected to contribute to security and development by helping excombatants return to civilian life. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr unamid. Reintegration is a much longerterm process with the goal of ensuring permanent disarmament and sustainable peace. Armed groups a group that has the potential to employ arms in the use of force to achieve political, ideological or economic objectives, is not within the formal military. Peace requires breaking the command and control structures operating.
What is the abbreviation for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. What is disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr. The interagency working group iawg on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of excombatants held a workshop in stockholm, from 17 to 19 october 2017 on the revision of the integrated ddr standards iddrs. Demilitarization can be used in times of peace as well, to reduce the size of armed forces and redistribute public spending. United nations development programme undp final evaluation of. Demobilization and reintegration in central america bonn.
The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of former combatants plays an important role in providing an appropriate environments for development, especially in post conflict countries. Successful disarmament, demobilization and reintegration for. Reintegration is the process by which excombatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. For the full text of precious resources, please visit. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of members. When you like a job or follow a category, we save this information in your account. Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces and groups, including a phase of reinsertion which provides shortterm assistance to excombatants. I have just modified one external link on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Next generation disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. In 1989, the united nations observer group in central america conducted a voluntary disarmament and demobilisation programme in nicaragua. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of ex.
The peace agreement leadingup from ceasefire agreement after the end of conflict situations is not sufficient enough to prevent. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr minusma. In general, the most controversial measures in early documents called for inventories. Research on the subject matter is thriving, and is rich with valuable insights and anecdotes. Meanwhile, it remains unclear as to what extent insights derived from case. This checklist is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing both gendersensitive shortterm goals, and to assist in envisioning futureoriented longterm peace support measures. The lessons learned unit of the department of peacekeeping operations conducted its study of united nations experiences in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in a peacekeeping environment with the aim of providing a coherent framework of. Of course, there can be no substitute for national leadership and the political commitment of. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr in. When do disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration. Ian douglas, colin gleichmann, michael odenwald, kees steenken, adrian wilkinson. Ddr abbreviation stands for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Rethinking disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs.
The checklist focuses on practical ways in which women. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programme. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration officer, sanaa at. National commision for demobilization and reintegration. Multicountry demobilisation and reintegration programme. These have, in turn, impacted upon their dependents and wider communities. Experience shows that excombatants need social and economic incentives to permanently lay down their weapons. Disarmament demobilization and reintegration ddr african. Reintegration itself has two phasesinitial reinsertion and longterm reintegration.
Assessing the outcomes of the weapons collection, disarmament. The steps of disarmament are 1 a weapons survey, 2 weapons collection, 3 weapons storage, 4 weapons destruction and 5 weapons reutilisation. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration compendium of projects 20102017 xi definitions1 armed forces the military organization of a state with a legal basis and supporting institutional infrastructure. They comprise various conflict managementresolution tools such as quick impact projects, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr, security sector reform ssr, reconciliation, elections, etc. Socioeconomic reintegration strategies for young excombatants. Dozens of ddr activities have taken place since the 1990s. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration wikipedia. Next generation disarmament, demobilization and reintegration the process of disarming, demobilizing and reintegrating exsoldiers at conflicts end is as old as war itself. Demobilization unit leader develops the specific, individual plan document and outline of the process. Recommendations for change 2 foreword actionaid is deeply concerned about the security situation in haiti and. In the same year, 30,000 combatants from the south african forces and,000 combatants from the peoples liberation army of namibia were demobilised in namibia kingma 1997, 3. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration the institute.
Disarmament and demobilization entail the shortterm processes. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in aceh. Compliance with privacy regulations requires us to obtain your consent to do this. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration is the process of. When do disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programmes succeed. Sep, 2017 click here to access the ddr compendium click here to access the au ddr resource and research centre web platform in february 2012, the african union commission, through the peace and security department psd, initiated the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration capacity program ddrcp by holding a consultation seminar on ddr with the regional economic communities recs and. Gaps and trends in disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs of the united nations tobias pietz demobilizing combatants is the single most important factor determining the success of peace operations.
Nextgeneration disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. It is clear that ddr has become part and parcel of peace processes and peacekeeping operations. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple faq for additional information. Ddr also supports development by reducing the size of. In this context the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of ex combatants is. South sudan disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. In sudan, ddr is a key provision of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration clingendael.
Indeed, secondgeneration ddr advocates have emphasized the importance of reinsertion and reintegration, as opposed to disarmament or demobilization, as a constructive point of. An institute for security studies iss paper calls it the achilles heel of ddr pdf. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr is a critical element of post conflict peace building pcpb. When do disarmament, demobilisation reintegration programmes. Disarmament and demobilization entail the shortterm processes of separating combatants from their weapons. Gaps and trends in disarmament, demobilization, and. These countries used the fledgling concept of disarmament, demobilization. Identifies continuing needs for operational resources and those that.
Demobilization and reintegration columbia university. Fresh insights on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. The resource unit leader assists the demobilization unit leader in determining total resources assigned, home units, length of assignment, and travel needs. United nations peace operations are the leading international partner of national institutions implementing disarmament, demobilization and reintegration initiatives, designing contextspecific programmes for members of armed groups.
The transition to a new central government is a fluctuating work in progress. Individual reintegration project component 2009 2012 ghebremedhin haile. Pdf women and girls and disarmament, demobilization and. Click here to access the ddr compendium click here to access the au ddr resource and research centre web platform in february 2012, the african union commission, through the peace and security department psd, initiated the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration capacity program ddrcp by holding a consultation seminar on ddr with the regional economic. South sudan disarmament, demobilization and reintegration commission ssddrc and. The role of natural resources in disarmament, demobilization. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration standards.